Preclinical studies show that pharmacological restoration of PP2A tumor-suppressor activity by PADs (e.g., FTY720, FTY720 analogs, or OP499) effectively antagonizes leukemogenesis, and that these drugs have synergistic cytotoxic effects with both conventional chemotherapy and TKIs, opening new possibilities for precision medicine, or personalized treatment, in AML patients (30, 37, 41). The gene discussed is PTPA; the disease is neoplasm.