Based on observations from the literature that vitamin D3 has anti-metastatic properties [23, 24], we evaluated spontaneous migration of human and murine germline-derived tumor cells in response to vitamin D3 and observed a dose-dependent decrease in their spontaneous migration (Fig. 2, panel a) as well as adhesion to fibronectin (Fig. 2, panel b). Here, FN1 is linked to neoplasm.