Furthermore, based on the gene expression profiling on peripheral blood from ARDS patients, Dolinay et al. [13] found that the inflammasome pathway and its downstream cytokines play critical roles in ARDS development; Wang et al. [14] found that peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3) may be a useful clinical marker for monitoring the early development of ARDS. The gene discussed is PI3; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.