MMP9 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: We observed that, in Fig. 5I, many genes shared by multiple diseases (shown in yellow) contain more interactions with other genes, such as STAT1, EGR1, TLR2, CCL2, etc. However, it’s worth noting that genes unique to a disease can also hold a lot of interactions with other signature disease genes, such as STAT3, IL1B, CEBPB, IL10, MMP9, TLR4, EGF, etc. In Fig. 5II, we limited the signature disease genes to three indications: psoriasis, dermatitis, and COPD, which clearly shows their interactions across indications.