For example, ginsenoside Rg1 can exhibit neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the ER stress-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) apoptotic pathway in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease, and ginsenoside Rb1 also can suppress the activation of ER stress-associated proteins including PERK and CHOP, and downregulation of Bcl-2 induced by high glucose [49, 50]. Here, DDIT3 is linked to Alzheimer disease.