We here find that NLRP3 inflammasome is also assembled and activated in both PD patients and PD mice, characterized by the elevated caspase-1 activity and IL-1β level in the serum of PD patients and the upregulated NLRP3 expression as well as matured IL-1β in the midbrain of PD mice. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and Parkinson disease.