TNF and chondrocalcinosis: Strong evidence was found for significant associations of the following factors with structural progression: increasing age [3]; presence of generalized/multijoint OA [3, 4]; combined radiographic features including increasing osteophyte score, joint space width (JSW), joint space narrowing (JSN), Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade and chondrocalcinosis [3]; varus alignment [3, 6, 10]; baseline pain [10]; anterior cruciate ligament injury [8]; increasing serum hyaluronic acid [4, 10]; high levels of TNF-α [10] and increasing urinary C-telopeptide of type II collagen (uCTX-II) [7].