2003) and treatment interventions are unlikely to be able to mitigate the effects of this transgene. MST‐1 can induce apoptosis leading to dilated cardiomyopathy in mice. While apoptosis is present in human HF, overexpression of MST‐1 has not been documented and it remains to be determined whether NAC can mitigate cardiac fibrosis in the clinical setting (Yamamoto et al. 2003). The gene discussed is MST1; the disease is dilated cardiomyopathy.