KRAS and cancer: To confirm that the observations were not specific to HCT116 cells, LoVo (KRAS G13D mutant, cancer.sanger.ac.uk) colorectal cancer cells with AQR to AZD6244 (“LoVoAR”), BKM120 (“LoVoBR”) and their combination (“LoVoCR”) were generated using the same methods applied to HCT116 cells.