CCL4 and metachromatic leukodystrophy: We found significantly elevated levels of the following cytokines in the CSF of MLD patients compared to controls as shown in Table 2: MCP-1 at 1006 ± 264 pg/mL vs 330 ± 29 pg/mL (p = 0.0005), IL-1Ra at 51.7 ± 19.7 pg/mL vs. 7.4 ± 5.6 pg/mL (p = 0.009), IL-8 at 79.3 ± 12.3 pg/mL vs. 13.9 ± 1.3 pg/mL (p < 0.0001), MIP-1b at 15.1 ± 5.8 pg/mL vs. 1.7 ± 1.2 pg/mL (p = 0.003), and VEGF at 1.7 ± 0.4 pg/mL vs. undetectable (p = 0.001).