Again, since we observed that NF-κB, JNK, and p38 inhibitors significantly inhibit necrotic cell-induced IL-8 expression and the migration and invasion of CRT-MG cells (Fig. 4), our results indicate that necrotic cells increase the invasive phenotype of GBM cells through activation of NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. The gene discussed is CALR; the disease is glioblastoma.