The STIL (SCL/TAL1 Interrupting Locus previously known as “SIL”) gene encodes a cytosolic and centrosomal protein, which is essential for mouse and zebrafish neuronal embryonic development and is mutated in familial autosomal recessive microcephaly (MCPH)25, 26, 27, 28. The gene discussed is STIL; the disease is autosomal recessive primary microcephaly.