In another rat model of high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin induced diabetes [28▪], treatment with melatonin suppressed protein kinase ribonucleic acid-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha kinase/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) signaling, reduced myocardial oxidative damage, and up-regulated SIRT1 expression. Here, ATF4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.