TLR9 and systemic lupus erythematosus: It has become apparent that erroneous recognition of self NAs by endosomal TLRs is involved in IFN-I-associated autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)14, 15, 19, 20, 21, in which the role of TLR7 predominates over that of TLR9 in the pathogenesis22, 23.