CCL2 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: These beneficial effects of MSC-derived EVs can be related to suppression of hypoxic pulmonary macrophage influx and hypoxic activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT3, combined with induction of proinflammatory and proproliferative mediators – including MCP-1 and hypoxia-inducible mitogenic factor HIMF – and increased pulmonary levels of the key miRNAs miR-17 and miR-204, the expressions of which are reduced in human pulmonary hypertension [65].