As shown in Fig. 5a,b and Fig. S2b, we observed that significant increase in the phosphorylation of STAT1 (Tyr701 and Ser727) were observed in the TAK165 and ATRA combination treatment group compared with the ATRA or TAK165 single treatment groups, indicating that STAT1 was activated upon the combination treatment-induced differentiation of AML cells. The gene discussed is STAT1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.