CASP8 and neoplasm: The functions of Rffl (rififylin) are: (a) rififylin is an endosome associated ubiquitin ligase; (b) rififylin is also known as caspases-8- and -10-associated RING protein 2 (CARP-2), which is an apoptotic inhibitor contributing to tumorigenesis by negatively regulating the levels of caspases (e.g., CASP8 and CASP10) and tumor suppressor genes through its direct ubiquitination and targeting for proteasomal degradation [9, 10]; (c) rififylin-mediated PKC activation is important for facilitating the migration of fibroblasts and tumor cells [11].