In 4 trials, autologous UCB cells with a mean dose of 1.49×107 nucleated cells (mean number of CD34+ cells were 1.26×106) were infused into 71 children (including 10 untreated controls who received insulin therapy only) with T1DM (the mean age was 5.28 years and mean history of diseases 6 months) [20, 22–24]. The gene discussed is CD34; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.