Briefly, the results of the study showed that the expression of INS-FUR together with the β-cell transcription factor NeuroD1 in the H4IIEins/ND cell line had a synergistic effect leading to pancreatic transdifferentiation, storage of insulin in granules, regulated insulin secretion to glucose (and other β-cell secretogogues), and expression of a number of β-cell transcription factors and pancreatic hormones and ultimate reversal of diabetes. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.