VWF and endothelial dysfunction: The current biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction such as C-reactive protein (CRP), P-selectin, E-selectin, Von Willebrand factor (VWF), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) can only be used in later stage of T2DM disease progression [10].