Furthermore, there is a report suggesting that the in vitro drug sensitivity test may be useful in predicting the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC.[13] However, there has been no previous report on the clinical application of in vitro drug sensitivity tests for the prediction of the potential effects of EGFR-TKIs or ALK inhibitors in surgically resected fresh lung cancer tissue specimens. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is lung carcinoma.