We recently demonstrated that PET-based neuroimaging using the second-generation radiotracer [11C]DPA-713 provided improved delivery of radiotracer to the brain and properties consistent with improved specific binding to TSPO compared with the first-generation radiotracer, [11C]PK11195.25 Importantly, we also showed that [11C]DPA-713 PET was sufficiently sensitive to detect increases in TSPO in the brains of patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia26 and those with a history of sports-related, repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.27 This evidence concerns the gene TSPO and injury.