Importantly, even in this population of patients, we still showed significant increases in CSF and plasma levels of IL-6, consistent with results from recent meta-analysis of peripheral cytokine changes in schizophrenia.3, 4, 5 To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that an increase in peripheral IL-6 may reflect increased levels of IL-6 in the CNS of patients with schizophrenia. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is schizophrenia.