Our results clearly show that the TFH population was expanded in both groups of CVID patients, but CXCR5 and PD-1 coexpression was higher in Group I than in Group II and N. PD-1 is a potent inhibitory receptor important for T cell tolerance and it has been associated with CD8 T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection [7, 28, 42]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR5 and common variable immunodeficiency.