APC and familial pancreatic carcinoma: In addition, although we detected genetic alterations of the genes STK11 and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), which are related to genetic syndromes associated with familial pancreatic cancer such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis [17], it is unknown whether the mutations were germline mutations because of not investigating the genes in their normal tissues.