Interestingly, PGCC cells, which are endowed with cancer stem cell-like properties, were recently identified in a number of tumor contexts in response to hypoxia or chemical induction of the hypoxic response by CoCl2 (Zhang et al., 2014), suggesting that loss of CSL may lead to a PGCC-like state via upregulation of HIF1α. Here, HIF1A is linked to cancer.