Since expression of angiogenic factors as well as the angiogenic process itself are under regulation by glycaemia, insulin, and hypoxia (Hadjipanayi and Schilling, 2013; Brocato et al., 2014; Chen and Zheng, 2014; Cvitic et al., 2014), vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes at the fetoplacental vasculature are susceptible to alterations by a diabetic environment, such as in GDM or pregestational diabetes mellitus. Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.