INS and gestational diabetes: Thus, a potential increase in DHA uptake is unlikely in trophoblast from GDM pregnancies since plasma insulin in the fetoplacental circulation is higher in GDM compared with normal pregnancies (~75 vs. ~40 pmol/L; Westermeier et al., 2011, 2015a; Salomón et al., 2012; Guzmán-Gutiérrez et al., 2016).