Several studies also showed the relationship of APP and Aβ with mitochondrial dysfunction in AD (Anandatheerthavarada et al., 2003; Lustbader et al., 2004; Caspersen et al., 2005); interaction of both proteins with mitochondrial matrix proteins, such as Aβ-binding alcohol dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphate synthase subunit alpha, could directly lead to mitochondrial toxicity, and thus oxidative stress (Devi et al., 2006; Reddy and Beal, 2008). Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.