Similar EV toxicity was reported for α-synuclein in PD (Emmanouilidou et al., 2010) and for mutant SOD1 (Basso et al., 2013; Grad et al., 2014) and TDP-43 (Ding et al., 2015) in ALS. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.