By contrast, high PECAM-1 levels were also observed in lungs of infants who died from BPD after being long-term ventilated, and associated with an increase in volume of air exchanging parenchyma and microvascular endothelial volume, but an immature microvasculature that resembled a saccular architectural pattern (31). The gene discussed is PECAM1; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.