In principle, the combination of hIPSCsderived from the adipose tissue of a 50-year-old donor59 with asynthetic lineage-control network programming glucose-sensitive insulin-secretingbeta-like cells closes the design cycle of regenerative medicine63.However, hIPSCs that are derived from T1DM patients, differentiated into beta-likecells and transplanted back into the donor would still be targeted by the immunesystem, as demonstrated in the transplantation of segmental pancreatic grafts fromidentical twins64. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.