ARRB1 and liver dysplastic nodule: The family of β-arrestins consists of four members, arrestins 1 and 4 that are exclusively confined to the cones and rodes of the retina and arrestins 2 and 3 (β-arrestin-1 (Arrb1) and β-arrestin-2 (Arrb2), respectively, that are universally expressed in all mammalian tissues.10 In the kidney, β-arrestin-2 can mediate nephrin endocytosis and impair slit diaphragm integrity.11, 12 In this study, we identify for the first time that β-arrestins mediate podocyte autophagy in DN that provides a novel molecular mechanism of slit diaphragm distortion.