Considering recent studies indicating that Wnt/β-catenin signaling has a central role in mediating podocyte dysfunction and proteinuria by controlling the rennin–angiotensin system and Snail signaling,31 it is possible that β-arrestin–DVL-2-Wnt/β-catenin axis besides autophagy inhibition may promote podocyte injuries in DN. This evidence concerns the gene SNAI1 and liver dysplastic nodule.