TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease: IL-1β [5], IL-6 [6] and TGF-β [7] and many other cytokines have been found to accumulate around the amyloid plaques in the brain of AD patients, which led to numerous studies investigating the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) or serum of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD.