We have also chosen to measure urinary and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels as a sensitive marker [31] of evidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) post transplantation as this is a common complication post liver transplantation, and reduction in the incidence of end organ damage would provide a further hard endpoint to be used as an outcome in the future RCT in combination with day 3 AST levels. Here, LCN2 is linked to acute kidney injury.