As a result, 80 % of mice receiving combination therapy with anti-PD-1 remained tumour-free, whereas all the other groups succumbed to tumours suggesting a synergistic effect of the vaccine and PD-1 blockade, resulting in tumour growth delay and significantly improved survival (Fig. 4a) as compared to STEAP1 vaccination combined with isotype control antibody or anti-PD-L1 mAbs. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.