In consistency of animal data, we observed that L91 activated Th1 cells and Th17 cells using PBMCs of TB patients on drug therapy, as evidenced by significant expansion in the percent of IFN-γ+ (P ≤ 0.0005) and IL-17A+ (P ≤ 0.0005) CD4 T cells (Fig. 6a–d). Here, IL17A is linked to tuberculosis.