With respect to the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, a possible association between three functional IL-4 polymorphisms (−590 C/T (rs2243250), −34 C/T (rs2070874), and 70 bp VNTR [rs79071878 in intron3]) and kala-azar was recently described in an Indian cohort comprising 197 patients and 193 healthy controls—but no associations of IL-4 functional polymorphisms with the disease were identified. Here, IL4 is linked to visceral leishmaniasis.