In addition, alterations of NOX4 could be associated with thyroid cancer (via activation by H-Ras oncogene) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in which the increased extracellular expression of this enzyme raises Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and cytokine release [77, 78]. This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and thyroid cancer.