So far, a similar level of induction of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-33 in the epithelia of healthy controls and nasal polyposis patients in responses to different bacterial TLR agonists was shown (Table 1A and 1B and Table 2A) with the viral analogue poly(I:C) (TLR-3 agonist). Here, IL6 is linked to Nasal polyposis.