Hypoxia can induce stem cell markers such as octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), NANOG, SOX2, kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), c-MYC, and microRNA-302 in 11 cancer cell lines including HCC cells through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) [57]. Here, NANOG is linked to cancer.