In bone marrow, although CD11c+/CD11b+ dendritic cells and F4/80+/CD11b+ macrophages were not changed by AOM/DSS treatment, Gr-1high/CD11bhigh neutrophils were enhanced at day 67 of AOM/DSS treatment, and vancomycin treatment reduced the expansion of these neutrophils (Supplementary Fig. S2). The gene discussed is ITGAX; the disease is infectious otitis media.