Molecular profiling for osteoclasts and macrophage markers revealed increased expression of cathepsin K, c-Fos, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPβ), notch homolog 1, translocation-associated (Notch1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) in HFD- compared to ND-treated mice 7 days after tumor cell challenge (Figure 1G). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.