In 1977, the first clinical signs of chromium deprivation were documented in a patient receiving TPN who developed severe diabetic-like symptoms refractory to insulin supply.80 The addition of 200 μg of chromium to the daily PN solution for 3 weeks resulted in an alleviation of symptoms such as glucose intolerance, weight loss and neuropathy, and the patient no longer required exogenous insulin. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is neuropathy.