In a lung cancer study, samples were taken from 178 lung squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) (112, 113) and, apart from 53BP1, most mutations were found in three genes associated with the Nrf2–ARE pathway, NFE2L2 (the gene name of Nrf2), Keap1, and Cul3 (the gene name of Cullin 3). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to squamous cell lung carcinoma.