Consistent with the pathological observations, as shown in Fig 5, immunostaining of DNA damage marker H2AX revealed that the Lpd +/- mice with EHS infection, and normal histological appearance, featured little DNA damage (in average 5 positive cells per 1000 enterocytes, non-significant) compared to the rederived uninfected control Lpd-/- mice. Here, H2AX is linked to infection.