Furthermore, we were surprised to find that inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine did not add any benefit to SP600125 treatment in in vivo mammary tumor growth analysis, but, this finding perhaps speaks to the need to identify more specific mechanistic interactions between JNK and autophagy regulatory proteins in order to effectively modulate JNK activity and autophagy proteins in human breast cancer. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and breast carcinoma.