ESR1 and idiopathic scoliosis: Interestingly, although the evidence that idiopathic scoliosis progression occurring mostly in girls around puberty has already raised extensive research on estrogen receptors genes polymorphisms and G-protein involvement, the discussion of possible role of estrogens in the development of idiopathic scoliosis was longtime influenced by the ambiguous findings on different estrogens serum levels in adolescent females [8].