Given the gut dysbiosis recently reported in SLE patients39, we aimed to evaluate the influence of fecal microbiota obtained from SLE patients (SLE-M) and healthy controls (HC-M) in the in vitro differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), as well as Th1 and Th17 effector populations from naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus.