AKT1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: In addition, some studies have reported that transfection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells with ID1 in vitro induced the phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) via phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3K) and increased the expression of survivin via NF-κB [61].