Results demonstrated that VCAM-1+CV-MSCs significantly augmented the generation of collateral vessels at the ischemia site (n = 3–5, *p <0.05; Fig. 6g), whose angiography score was 1.52-fold and 1.28-fold higher than the PBS and VCAM-1−CV-MSCs groups, respectively. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is ischemia.