In contrast to astrocytes, ATF3 can function as a pro-apoptotic protein and mediate apoptosis by anti-cancer agents including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) [12], conjugated linoleic acid [13,14], LY294002 [15], curcumin [16], and 3,3’-diindolylmethane [17] in cancer cells. The gene discussed is ATF3; the disease is cancer.